{"id":371910,"date":"2024-09-04T10:16:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T07:16:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pen-sy.com\/?p=371910"},"modified":"2024-09-04T10:16:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T07:16:30","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d8%a8-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%83%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/?p=371910","title":{"rendered":"“\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628” \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629\u00a0\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 (1927 \u2013 2014)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u00a0\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627” (1985) \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a” \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”\u060c \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\"Nobel
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 (\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628<\/a>“\u060c \u0647\u0648 “\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a!”.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u062e\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a” \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 “\u0639\u0634\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u064a” (2002)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 “\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 “\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629” (1967)\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648 (\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629) \u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0647\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 “\u0647\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a”. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n
\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0647\u0648” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0647\u064a” \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0647\u0648” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0647\u064a” \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 (90 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (46 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"Nobel
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 (\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628” \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0640 “\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u062e\u0641\u0651” \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646” (1981)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 (1961) \u0648”\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0633” (1962) \u0648”\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 (1962).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0647” (1989)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627”\u2026 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0648 (1917 \u2013 1986) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 “\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648” \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 -\u0628\u0647\u0627- \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0651\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0645\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e “\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064016 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 5 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 20 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627 27 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0628” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629\u00a0\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 (1927 \u2013 2014)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u00a0\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":371911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-371910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-36"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=371910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/371911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=371910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=371910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aldustournews.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=371910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}